Turning Trash Into Treasure

 

A Chinese recycling plant in Zambia is creating jobs while protecting the environment

By Derrick Silimina | VOL.11 September ·2019-09-12

Workers sort out various plastic wares in Hongsen recycling plant (DERRICK SILIMINA)

Monica Banda wakes up every morning and leaves her house in Makeni Villa Township to travel to Chunga dumpsite in Zambia's capital Lusaka. There, she joins several other jobless women who sieve through piles of garbage to collect plastic bottles for sale.

Faced with increasing amounts of waste in Zambia, these women, and others like them across the country, have been allowed to collect plastic litter materials to eke out a living.

Plastic doesn't just devastate habitat, it also has a detrimental effect on the health of humans as drinking water may get contaminated.

According to plasticpollution.org, plastic takes around 400 years before it starts to decompose, all the while clogging up the available area on the earth and harming living organisms. For instance, animals can die after ingesting littered plastic as the garbage can obstruct their digestive systems.

Experts say once plastic bags are discarded into the natural environment, they do last up to 400 years without being decomposed by sunlight and/or microorganisms since they are non-biodegradable.

For Banda and her fellow business-minded persons, where an ordinary eye sees trash, as entrepreneurs, they see treasure.

Sales outlet

Thanks to Hongsen Investment Ltd., a Chinese firm that recently established a manufacturing plant in Makeni, Banda and her peers have an outlet to sell their pickings.

Hongsen's manufacturing plant recycles plastic bottles into finished plastic wares such as cups, brooms, and buckets among others.

"My friends introduced me to this business of plastic collection three months ago. Now we supply plastic materials to Hongsen for recycling into finished plastic wares. I had no money to start any form of business; but now, I am able to provide for my family because we get instant cash on delivery of these raw materials," said Banda.

She said that a bundle of plastics fetches around $2, while a sack of plastic bottles sells for just under $1.

Hongsen's plant, a part of Zambia's plan to attract foreign direct investment into the Southern African country, not only creates employment among women and youth of Lusaka's Makeni Villa Township where it is based, but it is also eco-friendly.

Jackson Mwansa is a young man from Makeni who also supplies used plastic bottles to Hongsen on a part-time basis.

"Long before this company came here, we had a lot of litter in the form of plastic bottles; but now, nearly all of them have been cleared for recycling purposes. Not only is this company creating employment for our community, but it is also helping keep our environment clean and healthy," said Mwansa.

He said many young people like him have been able to start their own business ventures using funds from selling plastic trash.

"I recently raised enough money to buy equipment and now I have opened a car washing business in my community. This work is obviously not for the faint-hearted, but you need to know what your goals are," Mwansa said.

Green vision

The Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA), an independent environmental regulator, recently proposed the phasing out of the use of plastic bags in the country.

This is in line with the extended producer responsibility (EPR), a global practice that places significant obligations on producers to support recycling.

"This would force manufacturers of packaging products to take on the responsibility to prevent waste such as plastic at the source," ZEMA Public Relations Officer Irene Chipili said in a statement.

One of the aims of EPR is to give producers incentives to change product design in environmentally benign ways. This includes making it easier to reuse and recycle products.

Yan Qingguo, Director of Hongsen, told ChinAfrica that the idea of setting up the recycling plant in Zambia emerged after their research found that there was no such business in place.

Some of the finished products made by Hongsen Investment (DERRICK SILIMINA)

Advanced technology

Asked how the company manufactures plastic wares without damaging the environment through air pollution or spillage of toxic chemicals in the production process, Hongsen Administrative Officer Thandiwe Chaaba stated that the firm adheres to the environmental standards and practices as outlined by environmental agencies.

"The company has invested in state-of-the-art equipment, meaning it uses advanced technology that helps it comply with environmental regulations. Of course, we are in business to make money, but our priority is to also contribute to the sustainability of the environment in which we operate," Chaaba said.

In addition, Chaaba said her company is creating value out of plastic waste material, and thereby, contributing to job creation in the country.

She said that after the waste plastic materials are received from the pickers, they are washed and crushed into particles, which are then converted into hard plastic or polythene particles, for later molding into household items.

Chaaba, who is also a Chinese translator, emphasized that the local community benefits a great deal from the recycling plant as they are not only employed directly, but their environment is also kept clean.

"I am glad to tell you that a lot of people who are living around here have been empowered because they are able to get work in the factory," said Chaaba.

As a pioneer in the recycling industry in Zambia, the company started with six employees. That figure has grown to over 150 direct workers, in addition to all the suppliers of the raw plastic.

While the waste collection is a good foundation for building community entrepreneurship and an important part of the waste management value chain, environmentalist Robert Chimambo said the process needs to be regulated with regard to access to dumpsites and the safety of the people involved.

"In the case of dumpsites, there is a need for a proper regulatory framework in terms of access to the site and the collection of waste for recycling to help sustain our environment," said Chimambo.

As the government works out modalities on how to lessen the impact of plastic waste on the environment such as a ban on the use of plastic bags and disposable bottles, and promotion of reusable bags or woven shopping baskets, in a bid to safeguard Zambia's environment, there is also a need to emulate Hongsen Investment Ltd. by setting up more companies that recycle plastic waste material, according to experts.

In 2007, the Lusaka City Council started a campaign dubbed Keep Zambia Clean, to educate Lusaka residents on the health hazards posed by throwing garbage on the streets, but little has been done under the noble campaign. As the local authorities countrywide strive to find better ways of waste management, entrepreneurs like Banda will continue to make a living from the plastic recycling process.

(Reporting from Zambia)

Ease of Business

 

Streamlined freight service helps goods flow for Zambian startups

By Derrick Silimina | VOL.11 November ·2019-11-06

A staff member checks containers with goods for export at a Chinese port (HELLORF)

There's a constant buzz about China's large population always being on the move. Martin Mweenda wants to be part of that buzz as he predicts China to become a booming market for Zambia's emerging entrepreneurs.

It is a tale of two businesspeople with different aspirations - one is a Zambian entrepreneur who needs to grow his business but lacks an efficient way of importing goods from the industrialized world. The other is a Chinese manufacturer and supplier of goods who are looking for new markets.

However, each of the two investors spends sleepless nights thinking of how best their ambitions could be achieved, yet each has the potential to provide solutions to the other's business objectives. All they need is to link up and cut a deal.

Luckily help is at hand. China Katundu Shipping Co., one of the Chinese freight companies based in the Zambian capital of Lusaka, provides its core business shipping and air transportation services to its clientele from China direct to Zambia.

Benefit to local entrepreneurs

Mweenda, 40, is a budding entrepreneur based in Lusaka's sprawling Town Center Market, specializing in mobile phone and telephone accessory retail business for the past five years.

"I started this business from scratch in 2011 by selling second-hand phones along Katondo Street and then after raising enough capital, I switched to cross border trading. Back then, I used to get phone accessories from South Africa and Tanzania," said Mweenda. But he later realized that using one of the Chinese couriers would allow him to import stock from China without having to go there.

"If I decide not to travel, the shipping company will do all the paperwork for me, thereby reducing costs I previously used to incur," he said.

From his humble beginnings at the bustling Katondo Street located in the heart of Lusaka metropolitan area, Mweenda, who is popularly known as "Huawei" among his peers due to his long time dealing in the Chinese mobile phone brands, now prefers to import his goods direct from China.

Christabel Muchindu, another upcoming entrepreneur who deals in second-hand clothing based at COMESA market, southwest of Lusaka, told ChinAfrica that the Zambia-China bilateral trade relations are hugely positive as it is helping grow local entrepreneurs.

Asked to elaborate more on the viability and sustainability of the trade relations, Muchindu said that after three years in business, the services of the Chinese shipping and air freight company importing her goods has allowed her to realize more profit than before.

"For instance, if I use a groupage loading service from Guangzhou (in south China) to Lusaka, the cost is $260 per cubic meter, duty inclusive. Through China Katundu, I and other traders will be allowed to share container space and this is quite cost-effective. This allows more small scale businesspersons to import their goods at lower duty, which is a bonus to some of us emerging entrepreneurs," said Muchindu.

Considerate service

In a bid to provide a hassle-free trading environment for the majority of Zambian entrepreneurs like Muchindu and Mweenda, China Katundu has risen to the occasion.

With more than a decade of operational experience, the company now offers a considerate service for goods shipped on a loose cargo container from Guangzhou direct to Zambia, an incentive that attracts many small scale traders in Zambia.

"This means we sell space in our company container to individuals who have got goods to ship. The container comes under our company name and is cleared as such, thereby exempting clients whose cargo is on board from paying duty by themselves," China Katundu Marketing Spokesperson Diana Chimy told ChinAfrica.

This commercial idea not only reduces the amount of inconvenience faced by many traders when it comes to dealing with customs issues, but the services are also efficient.

Through its representative based in Guangzhou, Chimy explained, the company has also managed to invest in secure warehousing both in China and Zambia, as well as facilitate the process of Chinese visas and provide free airport pickups for any business person who intends to travel to China.

Statistics from the Global Entrepreneurship Index of 2017 show that Zambia is ranked 10th in Africa and 96th worldwide in terms of entrepreneurship.

Recently, Chinese Ambassador to Zambia Li Jie said the bilateral trade volume between China and Zambia has increased dramatically from $2.36 billion in 2017 to $5.07 billion in 2018.

Li also said China's focus in its economic cooperation with Zambia now promotes direct private sector investments that will not require any sovereign guarantees from the Zambian Government.

Li attributes the positive situation to the strength of the two country's economic partnerships.

Top investment destination

With over 1,000 Chinese enterprises investing more than $4 billion in Zambia, this is evidence that Zambia has become one of the top 10 destinations among all African countries for Chinese investors.

Chimy said her firm is known for its unique products and services that include visa arrangements to China (free if one considers loading a 40-foot container), free pickup from the airport upon arrival, warehousing of goods, group loading, sea/air/road freight, and sourcing of goods, among others.

Asked whether or not the company is violating any tax laws, Chimy said that on the contrary, the company has enough space at some shipping organizations and a wide-enough network with viable agents back in China, that helps speed up the process of cargo clearance.

Recently, the Bank of China in Zambia, in partnership with the Bank of China in the industrial city of Zhengzhou in central China's Henan Province, organized the Henan International Investment and Trade Fair, aimed at spurring cross border investment and trade projects, as well as strengthening domestic and overseas business cooperation.

The bank hosted over 400 small- and medium-sized entrepreneurs and other stakeholders from Zambia and across the globe in Zhengzhou. The region has gained momentum in economic growth and industrial restructuring over the past years in a bid to link investors to potential business destinations.

Mweenda has since implored fellow local entrepreneurs to double up their efforts because their Chinese counterparts have not grown their economy through appeasement.

"They have done so through shrewd business and sustainable deals underscored by hard work. Where others have been seeing challenges, they have been seeing opportunities, which they have gladly taken around the world. This is a strength that Zambians should collectively acquire instead of constantly wallowing in self-pity," he said.

China is indeed a global economic powerhouse, which has the muscle to influence world trade more than any other country, according to Mweenda. It is therefore not surprising that many Chinese companies seek opportunities to expand their investment ties with Africa where countries like Zambia will remain a preferred economic destination.

(Reporting from Zambia)

Getting the Point

 

Acupuncture therapy gains popularity in Zambia

By Derrick Silimina | VOL.12 January ·2019-12-30

An African TCM doctor presents acupuncture points of the human replica (XINHUA)

Anita Njobvu, 32, was introduced to acupuncture therapy by her husband because her blood pressure was through the roof.

"I was first introduced to some other Chinese herbal medicines and I later ended up with acupuncture treatment, which has been helpful as my blood pressure has actually stabilized," said Njobvu, who lives in Lusaka, capital of Zambia.

Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and involves the insertion of long needles into specific points on a person's body with the aim of balancing the body's energy levels.

Njobvu, who had been battling severe hypertension for some time, said that after three months of being administered with acupuncture therapy, she is now on the course of recovery.

Acupuncture is part of the growing trend of Chinese involvement in the health sector in Zambia. The growing footprint of TCM in the country is a mirror of the broader perspective of China-Zambia relations, highlighting mutual cooperation in a wide range of areas.

In Zambia, traditional and alternative medicine is used and accepted by a great majority of the population, regardless of ethnic, religious, or social background. So, people are open to the idea of TCM.

Popular treatment

Acupuncture treatment used to be something new to the African continent, but with awareness of it growing in countries like Zambia, an increasing number of patients are opting for the healing technique rather than conventional medicine.

"[My TCM doctor] Feng Kehong's treatment took about two months and from the third month, I have not had any high blood pressure readings," said Njobvu.

As compared to conventional medicine, Pamela Chisunka, a teacher in Zambia's Central Province, said that she found Chinese traditional remedies to be more effective than Western medicine.

"I think for me, Western medicine couldn't help cure my chronic headaches. Conventional medicine just has a temporary effect, and the pain remains when one stops taking the medicine. As a result, you spend more on medication," said Chisunka. For Benjamin Mambwe, a local bus driver from Intercity Bus Station in Lusaka, acupuncture has proven to be more effective than conventional medicine. He said it wasn't long after he began treatment that he recovered from partial paralysis earlier this year.

He told ChinAfrica that during the acupuncture treatment process, the doctor used needles to prick into the affected body part.

"You will feel slight discomfort when she starts the process; but thereafter, it's okay and the pain will disappear. After 30 minutes, the needles are removed and the process is repeated [daily] for 10 days."

After the treatment, Mambwe is now back on his two feet attending to his daily duties.

Wide range of benefits

Meanwhile, Benjamin Chitumbo, a renowned Ndola-based medical doctor, is impressed with his Chinese counterparts and their effective medical practice.

"All I know from experience is that acupuncture is one of the alternative medical treatment methods as it is based on the long Chinese tradition and explains the interconnectivity of our hormones and nervous system. Acupuncture has been used for a variety of illnesses. It is certainly a practice that has helped many of my patients too," said Chitumbo.

It is because of this acceptance that Feng established the private medical facility - Zhong Yi Surgery in Lusaka, following an increase in demand for Chinese medical treatment among the city's residents.

"Since I came to Lusaka, more and more people understand acupuncture. I attend to various patients suffering from strokes, HIV/AIDS, hypertension, paralysis and diabetes, among others.

In 1997, Feng came to Zambia on a tour of duty from China and worked for two years as a resident medical doctor first at Ndola General Hospital in the Copperbelt Province and then Kabwe General Hospital in Central Province.

Driven by her passion to provide quality health care to people, Feng went on to establish Zhong Yi Surgery in Lusaka in 2002 with a focus on TCM care.

Feng's assistant Neila Mumba, a Zambian lady, explained how Zhong Yi Surgery, located in Lusaka's Roma residential area, has helped many Zambians recover from various diseases.

"We had a chief from north Zambia who suffered a stroke and he was unable to walk. But after [acupuncture] treatment, he started walking. We also have several cases of senior government officials who come here to seek medical attention," said Mumba. "For instance, there is one lady who is diabetic and she has been to several hospitals but her condition was quite severe and couldn't recover until she came here. Her condition has now improved as her sugar levels drastically came down."

Asked why she has prioritized acupuncture therapy and not conventional medicine in her private medical practice, especially since she is a fully qualified medical doctor who has served in Zambia's public hospitals, Feng said her calling is to help people with the most effective medical care available.

"In China, I learned Western medicine and TCM. I chose the latter after I established a private clinic; but before that, I practiced as a full-time conventional doctor," said Feng.

Local compliance

Since TCM is built on a foundation of thousands of years of medical practice, it includes various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage, exercise, and dietary therapy, among others.

Feng said she has since been helping more local people understand how traditional therapies work and comply with local rules and standards.

"One big advantage of traditional Chinese medicine is that it is easy to perform, and it doesn't have high requirements for medical equipment," said Feng.

In line with how these medicines adapt to local conditions, the Zambian Government recognizes traditional and complementary/alternative medicine and national policies do support these treatments.

Although there are no official regulatory measures for recognizing the qualifications of practitioners, the Traditional Health Practitioners Association of Zambia reviews and registers traditional practitioners for licensing, and plans are underway to develop such regulations.

Zambia is now considering better utilization of its diverse medicinal plants, a worthwhile lesson learned from China.

According to the World Health Organization, at least 70 percent of Zambians use traditional medicine.

Recently, Health Minister Chitalu Chilufya said the government was in the process of reviewing the act that governs the traditional practice of medicine.

"As we strengthen our health system, we have identified the need to strengthen collaboration, in particular with China. Zambia will collaborate to strengthen the cultivation of medicinal plants and to share experiences and knowledge," said Chilufya, when a delegation from Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (JUTCM) called on him at the Ministry of Health headquarters.

Chilufya has since hailed the wider partnership between China and Zambia, especially in the area of health infrastructure and human resource training. Zuo Zhengyun, head of the delegation and President of JUTCM, informed Chilufya that his university had signed a memorandum of understanding with the Tropical Diseases Research Center (TDRC), to collaborate in the area of research.

Located in Ndola, Zambia, the TDRC is a biomedical research Center initiated by the World Health Organization in collaboration with the Zambian Government.

"We also hope to cooperate through research and development to promote clinical use of Zambian traditional herbal medicines," said Zuo.

The mission to Zambia by the university follows Zambian President Edgar Lungu's visit to the JUTCM campus in 2018.

(Reporting from Zambia)

Sweet Exposure

 

Zambia's honey market is abuzz with opportunity from China

By Derrick Silimina | VOL.12 February ·2020-02-13

Employees of Mpundu Wild Honey Ltd. in Zambia display their honey products in November 2018 (XINHUA)

High up in the remote forests of central and northwest Zambia, bees are producing some of the world's best organic honey.

For centuries, honey bees have met human demand for products like honey and beeswax. It's a demand that continues to this day and by all accounts is growing exponentially.

The huge gap between the world's consumption of bee products and available supply presents a profitable opportunity for entrepreneurs to exploit.

In Zambia, honey has long been treasured locally for its medicinal properties, and today it is also cherished as a powerful engine for local development.

Lucrative sector

With over 30,000 Zambians engaged in beekeeping, the sector has become a lucrative business venture in the country's bid to diversify its copper dominated economy.

Trade experts say honey is the most popular natural sweetener in the world and the global trade in bee products is worth millions of dollars every year. Due to its diverse use, the worldwide consumption of honey is so huge that supply can barely cope with demand.

Interestingly, honey from Zambia is currently in high demand in foreign markets such as China, and other countries, due to its pure taste that is free from any additives, preservatives or economic adulterants.

Rita Mbulo is a mother of three from a small village in northwest Zambia. After years of trying to make ends meet in the charcoal industry, she was selected to be part of a network of beekeepers managed by Al-Apis Concepts Ltd. She was trained as a beekeeper, and now manages 20 hives which produce over 250 kg of organic honey annually. This venture has increased her income to allow her to send her children to school, buy food, and pay for medical bills.

"It's awesome to belong to this network because it has taught me and other farmers how to add value to honey through improved beekeeping methods. Since our honey is highly sought after on the international market, we look forward to increasing our yield in order to meet global demand," said Mbulo.

Driving along the Great North Road from one metropolis to another, en route to the Copperbelt Province, motorists are usually attracted to an avalanche of Zambia's natural multiflora honey, straight from the forests of Central Province.

Mable Nkolomba, 32, is a street vendor based in Kapiri Mposhi District. He said being a trader of pure organic honey along the Lusaka-Ndola Highway, popularly known as the Great North Road, has been fruitful.

"I order the raw honey from beekeepers from nearest forests and after I process it into clear syrup, which is packaged into 2.5-liter containers, I sell each container at K40 ($3) depending on the local market demand," said Nkolomba.

On the international market, honey is trading in the range of $5-6 per kg, as compared to the local market which fetches between an average K30-40 ($2-3) per kg of the same commodity, according to the National Honey Board, a U.S.-based industry-funded agriculture promotion group that educates consumers about the benefits and uses of honey and honey products.

It is for this reason that several small- and medium-sized beekeepers in rural Zambia are repositioning themselves to enter the Chinese and other foreign markets.

New markets

Mpundu Wild Honey Ltd., a Zambian honey maker, got some sweet exposure at the First China International Import Expo (CIIE) held in November 2018. Last year, the company showcased new products, such as honey facemasks and honey soaps, to meet the diverse needs of Chinese consumers.

Amos Kunda, 42, from the Mkushi District of central Zambia has been in the honey sector for over a decade. "Belonging to Mpundu Wild Honey Ltd. has more benefits as the company has empowered me and other local farmers in terms of access to viable local and international markets," said Kunda.

"I can now afford to buy farming inputs such as fertilizer, chemicals, and seeds to cultivate crops, pay for my children's tuition fees and support other family members as well," he said.

Company Director Zhang Zhanping explained that his company plans to increase honey production by increasing the number of beekeepers in the area.

Zhang said the Kabwe-based company is helping local bee farmers add value to their products and explore the local market, instead of producing only for the export market.

"The export of honey to China from Zambia will improve the economies of both countries through employment creation and international trade," said Zhang.

On the other hand, Al-Apis Concepts Ltd., a private organization, supports over 1,000 small scale beekeepers in northwest Zambia by providing them with the hives and training needed to produce raw honey. This has a positive impact on their social welfare and on the environment.

Mumba Ai, Director of Training at Al-Apis Concepts Ltd., echoed Mbulo's idea that for local farmers to meet the international demand of unprocessed honey, they are required to supply no less than 50 tons a year to meet the demand.

"If we can increase the number of farmers we have in our network, we should be able to meet that, especially in the coming season," said Ai.

Wide range of use

Al-Apis Concepts Ltd. is also conscious of the spin-offs of the honey industry, including medicine, food processing, industrial manufacturing, and natural healing.

"For instance, most local farmers are unaware of the economic benefits of beeswax, a wax material produced from the honeybee's body that is thrown away after harvesting honey from beehives. A lot of craftspeople and manufacturers still spend a lot of money importing beeswax which can be produced locally," Ai noted. Beeswax is widely used in a range of cosmetics.

China and African countries have notably advanced their cooperation in recent years, with multilateral platforms such as the CIIE and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation playing a constructive role. The First China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo is another international platform which was recently held in central China's Changsha City in June 2019.

Following the signing of an export protocol witnessed by Zambian President Edgar Lungu and Chinese President Xi Jinping during his visit to China in September 2018, Mpundu Wild Honey, a company based in Kabwe District, has since exported more than 10 tons of honey to China.

It is indisputable that the boom of the honey trade in the global market will improve the lives of thousands of small scale beekeepers in Zambia; hence, the focus should now be value addition of its by-products following an increase in export demand by a whopping 700 percent in five years, according to the Zion Market Research – a company that produces futuristic, cutting edge and informative reports.

It is for this reason that the Zambia Development Agency (ZDA) is working with the country's Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry and International Trade Center to grow the sector and create efficiency in the production and supply of honey.

In line with Zambia's Seventh National Development Plan (2017-21) to diversify the economy, the honey sector is among the priority areas which the government has identified to drive the diversification agenda.

Zambia's annual honey production is 2,500 tons and it currently exports only 1,000 tons to the European and African markets, leaving a surplus of 1,500 tons, according to data obtained from the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock.

"You can see a lot of passion among our leaders all the way down to individual households about honey - it is Zambia's gold," said ZDA Director General Perry Mapani.

(Reporting from Zambia)

Technology empowers Zambian farmers and woos young people into the agricultural field

 

A Chinese company, Sunagri Investment has invested in farming equipment that promotes the use of smart agriculture to help Zambian farmers

By Derrick Silimina | VOL.12 May ·2020-05-22

Sunagri Investment Zambia staff assemble drone equipment ready for operation (Sunagri Investment Zambia) (XINHUA)

It's the end of the rainy season in Zambia, but it's not been good for farmers due to the effects of climate change.

During the 2019/20 agricultural season, many farmers' fields were severely ravaged by an invasive pest commonly known as fall armyworms, posing a threat to Zambia's food security.

As Zambia's staple food, maize is the most cultivated crop and a staple on most households' menus in the Southern African country where 90 percent of the country's daily food intake is through a meal widely known as nshima.

During the 2018/19 farming season, a total of 59,993 hectares of land, supporting over 70,000 households, was affected by the outbreak of the armyworms. This has resulted in 46 districts and 521 agriculture camps sending out distress calls, according to the Ministry of Agriculture.

The voracious caterpillars also attack other grains such as soybeans and wheat and have since spread to more than 40 countries in Africa, according to the Food and Agricultural Organization.

But for Leonard Sakala, 34, a small-scale farmer based in Mazabuka District in south Zambia, all is not lost. He has been getting help from new technology courtesy of a Chinese company, Sunagri Investment, which has invested in farming equipment that promotes the use of smart agriculture through innovative tools such as drones in order to combat armyworms.

Efficient fumigation option

Sunagri's use of drone technology bypasses labor-intensive manual spraying of maize fields in favor of intelligent automatic spraying.

"Using drone technology has helped me a lot," said Sakala. "While my profits haven't gone up dramatically, technology is helping me reduce my losses that I would have incurred if the pests had ravaged my crops."

With more than 50 hectares of land, Sakala's entire family lives off the farm. Like him, most people in Zambia are completely dependent on agriculture for their livelihood.

Meanwhile, Muhammed Patel, owner of Evergreen Farm situated west of Lusaka Province, said drone technology is a game-changer for farmers fighting the annual notorious pests and offers an efficient fumigation option.

"I benefited well from the drone spray service from Sunagri. It fights against armyworms and the equipment is efficient. I have used the drone a couple of times in my soya and wheat crops and the results have been impressive and cost-effective," said Patel. He said he recommends drone spraying to all small farmers who rely more on expensive manual labor to spray their fields.

In Zambia, China is not only involved in infrastructure development but is also investing in other viable economic sectors such as agriculture, which represents the new face of globalization in Africa.

The dawn of technology through modern equipment is key to revolutionizing Zambia's agriculture sector, said Sunagri Investment Zambia Director Frazer Zhang.

"In 2016, I saw how many farmers here wept due to an outbreak of armyworms. I then had an idea and thought about how I could find the right drones that can help combat the armyworm outbreak in Zambia," Zhang told ChinAfrica. "In 2017, I managed to import three manual agricultural drones from China and subsequently brought in smart drones that are able to spray insecticides even at night."

Zhang stressed that Sunagri's XAG (Xaircraft) drone is one of the effective alternatives to decimate notorious pests quickly because manual spraying during the day is labor-intensive, costly and a waste of chemicals as the worms only come out to feed on the crops at night.

In terms of efficiency, he said that each drone can cover 45 hectares per day and the job can effectively vanquish even the bigger worms that usually hide inside the maize stalk.

However, not every farmer can afford to invest in expensive technology - as the XAG (Xaircraft) drone is costly at between $2,000 and $3,000 each.

To make the drones more accessible, The African Development Bank (AfDB) recently launched a $1-billion initiative called Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation, jointly with the World Bank, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, International Fund for Agricultural Development and other partners, to scale up available agricultural technologies across agro-ecological zones on the continent.

The AfDB is also providing $20 million to tackle the challenge of the armyworms. This support will allow at least 15 million farmers in six countries in Southern Africa to combat the armyworms using control technologies.

A drone of Sunagri Investment Zambia sprays pesticide over a crop field (Sunagri Investment Zambia) (XINHUA)

Getting youth into farming

Due to the high cost of production in the sector, farming has an unglamorous image in Zambia, especially among the youth. But this perception is gradually changing.

Most young people portray agriculture as a sector meant for retirees, or for elderly people who are poverty-stricken.

"We must invest in the youth of Africa. They are not only the future but also the presence of Africa. I do not believe the future of Africa's youth lies in migrating to Europe. The youth's future lies in an Africa with more rapid and inclusive economic growth, which creates quality jobs," AfDB President Akinwumi Adesina said recently.

Climate change is worsening the farming environment, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where it's been estimated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) that the continent will add an additional 38 million hungry people by 2050 due to climate change.

With the rapid growth of the use of drones, automated tractors, artificial intelligence, and robotics, among others, agriculture is poised to see a boost in productivity.

It is estimated by the IFPRI that the size of the food and agribusiness market in Africa will be worth a whopping $1 trillion by 2030.

It is more likely that the future farmers will be sitting in their homes with computer applications using drones to determine the size of their farms, monitor and guide the applications of farm inputs, and driverless combine harvesters bringing in the harvests.

It is for this reason that Zhang emphasized it is his passion to help inspire young people in Zambia to appreciate the value of smart agriculture in their lives, through harnessing technological tools.

"My dream is to influence Zambia's young people [and bring them] back to agriculture. I want to help Zambia and its youthful generation become a model of smart agriculture in Africa."

Zhang reiterated that apart from providing spraying services via his drones to commercial farmers at $20 per hectare, his company has done a lot to train local small-scale farmers in using high-tech agricultural equipment.

He emphasized that the government should invest in technology and come up with a deliberate policy in order to incentivize locals and help them improve their agricultural production. This can be done through smart agriculture, especially in Zambia where the majority of farmers have smallholdings.

Through free tutorials and spray demonstrations in local farmers' fields, Zhang stressed that his services have gone a long way in rekindling the hope that young farmers have in the sector.

Zhang added that his company is already working with major agricultural entities such as Chamba Valley Farm, York Farm, Seed Co, and Zambia Sugar, among others, in a bid to expand its services in the Southern African Development Community region.

Reporting from Zambia

Chinese traditional medical practice of acupuncture brings relief to patients in Zambia

 

Zambia considers better utilization of its diverse medicinal plants, a worthwhile lesson learned from China

By Derrick Silimina VOL.13 June ·2020-06-18

female acupuncture model with needles in the shoulder （HELLORF）

Infertility can be stressful and frustrating for couples the world over; but in Zambia, there is also stigma attached to barrenness.

After trying for almost two years, Tamara Chiponge had given up hope that one day she would be able to bear a child of her own.

On the verge of reaching menopause, Chiponge became desperate for a child as she could no longer withstand the intense social stigma and pressure, especially coming from her close companions and family members.

"I used to put on a false smile to the public, but inside, I was hurting. I took care of other people's children [and it got to a] point where my mother-in-law forced me to adopt a two-year-old child," she told ChinAfrica.

Infertility on the rise

Zambia's Health and Nutrition Communication and Advocacy Strategic Plan (2018-21) highlights that gauging from the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections alone, it is estimated that both primary and secondary infertility rates in the country are of concern. Gynecologists say infertility is actually a major public health concern because it affects one's mental well-being, disrupts social bonding, lowers economic productivity, and erodes self-confidence.

It is for this reason that Zambia's Health Minister Chitalu Chilufya recently said the situation calls for a great investment in comprehensive reproductive health, including fertility services.

"Infertility accounts for 10 to 15 percent of outpatient gynecology clinic attendance in Zambia, yet access to fertility services is seriously limited due to the high cost of services," said Chilufya.

As in many other societies, in Zambia, the inability to conceive and bear a healthy child is considered to be the fault of the female partner rather than a problem of the couple. The lack of access to effective treatment causes much personal suffering, family discord, and social dysfunction.

Whyson Munga, Registrar of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of University Teaching Hospital (UTH), recently noted that infertility is a huge problem in Zambia. Munga said that out of every 100 women that visit UTH seeking gynecology services, about 30 of them have infertility problems.

Worldwide, both men and women do suffer from infertility, but culturally, infertile women are at risk of social stigma. Health experts say infertility refers to the failure of a couple to establish pregnancy after one year of having unprotected and adequate sexual intercourse.

In developing countries such as Zambia, much as infertility is a health condition, it is also a social problem because, from the perspective of the individual concerned, many unfruitful women consider that without children, their lives are hopeless.

Chiponge's condition dates back to her mid-20s, when she had a severe ectopic pregnancy (a complication of pregnancy when a fertilized egg grows outside a woman's uterus) somewhere else in her belly, according to medical experts. They state that if left unchecked, the condition is life-threatening as excessive bleeding may lead to death, hence the need for urgent medical care. Consequently, her chances of falling pregnant were negligible, having only one fallopian tube - she lost the other tube after an operation.

As an old adage says, desperate situations call for desperate measures. Chiponge had tried all sorts of medication, not only conventional medicine, including fertility boosters, but also advanced infertility treatment called in-vitro fertilization treatment and African traditional herbs, in a bid to conceive. But all was in vain.

Feng Kehong works in her clinic (Derrick Silimina)

Acupuncture success

In Zambia, fertility treatment is prohibitively expensive for most couples, with some people becoming destitute trying to pay for it.

Chiponge was first introduced to acupuncture therapy in 2009 by her younger sister, a friend of Dr. Feng Kehong, a Chinese medical practitioner who runs Zhong Yi Surgery in Lusaka's Roma suburb.

According to Acupuncture.com (a Chinese online medical platform), acupuncture is defined as an age-old healing technique of traditional Chinese medicine in which needles are inserted into energy points on the human body.

"It was in 2009 when I met Feng. Since I desperately wanted a baby, after having failed to conceive for more than 15 years of marriage, I was put on acupuncture therapy for three months and the following year [2010] I conceived," she said, adding she was 46 years old at that time.

Having concerns about infertility in a world that needs vigorous control of population growth may seem odd, but it's a choice that many have no control over.

Nathan Mbewe, a Ndola based teacher, recently survived a protracted stroke because of the acupuncture therapy he got from Feng.

"I had a stroke for some time and might have died had it not been for Chinese specialized treatment I got here," he said, adding that acupuncture worked wonders on him.

Mbewe said he has been recommending anyone with chronic illness to seek acupuncture treatment, and they have reported progressive results. A truck driver based in the Zambian capital of Lusaka is also impressed with acupuncture after having recovered from his swelling feet that almost rendered him jobless.

"Due to the long-distance driving, I used to have constant swelling in my feet," said Andrew Mulenga. "This affected my work until a colleague advised me to consult Feng to try Chinese medicine after an attempt at conventional medicine failed," he said.

At first, Mulenga questioned whether acupuncture was real and doubted that pricking needles into his body would change anything. But, to his amazement, after a few sessions, his condition started improving.

Feng Kehong in her clinic (Derrick Silimina)

Helping with needles

According to Feng, who has been in Zambia since 2001, initially working as a doctor in two of Zambia's general hospitals before opening her own clinic, she is delighted that a lot of people are being helped through acupuncture in Zambia.

To help her cope with the increase in patients, Feng has trained local assistance, Nelly Banda, to work with the needles.

Reminiscing about the time when Chiponge, now 56 years of age, came to seek fertility services at her surgery despite her older age, Feng said she was hesitant to help.

"I was hesitant to work on Chiponge; but after recommending acupuncture therapy on her, within a few months, she came back so excited and informed me she was pregnant," said Feng. "You see, a lot of diseases could be treated through acupuncture and I have seen this happen over the years to many patients that I have attended to."

Despite Chiponge having reached menopause, she successfully gave birth naturally to a bouncy baby girl who is now a healthy nine-year-old.

Feng said some of the known diseases that she has treated successfully include hypertension, stroke, diabetes, infertility, and sexually transmittable diseases.

Officially, acupuncture has the accreditation of Zambia's medical council, as the Zambian Government recognizes traditional and complementary/alternative medicine.

Although there are no official regulatory measures for recognizing the qualifications of practitioners, the Traditional Health Practitioners Association of Zambia reviews and registers traditional practitioners for licensing, and plans are underway to develop such regulations.

Zambia is now considering better utilization of its diverse medicinal plants, a worthwhile lesson learned from China.

Reporting from Zambia

Chinese phone manufacturer aligns with Zambian market

 

Transsion Holdings, a private Chinese smartphone manufacturer based in Shenzhen has had great success against bigger and more established global brands like Samsung and Apple

By Derrick Silimina VOL.12 August ·2020-07-24

A man makes a call with a TECNO phone in downtown Nairobi, Kenya, in 2017 (XINHUA)

When most people think of China in Africa, mining and construction come to mind. But things are changing. While the developed world still too often views the continent as a charity case, many Chinese companies see mutual business opportunities.

China's increased involvement in the African telecommunications industry is part of its multidimensional engagement with the continent to enhance trade and cooperation.

In Zambia, it's hard not to see China's footprint wherever one goes, as its investments in various economic sectors in the Southern African country over the years have been extensive and unprecedented.

Chinese engineers have cooperated with their Zambian counterparts in designing and building the country's iconic buildings such as the Government Complex, a gleaming 24-story skyscraper that houses government offices. Additional infrastructure includes the illustrious Tanzania-Zambia Railway, roads, hospitals, and schools.

Furthermore, the presence of Chinese manufacturers in Zambia's telecommunications industry has added much competition in the market share.

One of these, Transsion Holdings, a private Chinese smartphone manufacturer based in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province in south China, which owns brands such as Tecno, Itel, and Infinix, has had great success against bigger and more established global brands like Samsung and Apple. These brands are specially designed and manufactured for the African market and are not available in China.

Transsion is one of the top-selling mobile phone manufacturers in Africa, according to the 2019 Vendor Data Overview by the International Data Corp. (IDC), a premier global provider of market intelligence.

TECNO banners in a street in Lagos, Nigeria, in 2018 (CHEN JIAN)

Dominant market share

With a population of more than 18 million, there is a growing market for the latest smartphones in Zambia. Transsion's ability to build market share has come about by combining affordable prices and trendy features.

"The Infinix model is selling like hotcakes here. I sell more of these phones per week than any other brands," Leonard Kumwenda, a mobile phone retailer told ChinAfrica.

A glimpse inside Kumwenda's shop in Lusaka, situated along Chachacha Road in the heart of Zambia's capital, shows how well-stocked it is with China-made phone brands as compared to other makes.

"Our IT engineers spent a lot of time in Africa to understand the market properly. This industry is driving the modern lifestyle and [because] we understand the needs and demands, [we] bring the solutions to our consumers," said Transsion Holdings Vice President Arif Chowdhury.

Mobile handsets such as Infinix-Hot-Play and Tecno-Camon15-Premier offer impressive specifications and designs to help create and share the most demanding social media needs. These brands retail from between $85 and $200 a phone.

"I enjoy this [Tecno-Camon15-Premier] mobile phone model due to its stylish design and ultra-battery capacity of 6,000 mAh. It takes my personality to another level," said Maureen Mumba, a fan of Tecno mobile phone in Lusaka.

IDC data further indicates that Transsion's phone brands enjoy the lion's share of the market in Africa with over 60 percent of shipments in the third quarter of 2019.

A seller receives customers in a TECNO shop in Lagos, Nigeria, in 2018 (CHEN JIAN)

Game changer

The rising appetite for smartphones in Zambia, encouraged by cheaper Internet costs and increased mobile-based innovations, has induced more demand for Chinese mobile brands on the local market.

Beyond pricing, most Chinese telecom companies have built their businesses over the years by producing phones with locally tailored features that include double-SIM card slots to ensure callers avoid lapses in-network coverage. Their phones also come equipped with camera technology calibrated for darker skin tones and stronger battery lifespan - a vital feature most cherished by local users in Zambia where electricity supply is intermittent as power black-outs are a daily routine.

Equally, the emerging demand for advanced higher-quality communications among consumers in Zambia poses a paradigm-shifting challenge to Chinese mobile phone manufacturers.

Originally designed to carry circuit-switched voice traffic, existing networks now need to carry heavy data loads, deliver streaming video and provide Internet access to a rapidly growing user base.

With a budget-friendly price tag from as cheap as $50, Chinese mobile phones are a game-changer in the Southern African nation where over 60 percent of people live in poverty.

Whether it is farmers accessing local market prices for their produce to arm themselves against profiteering middlemen, or nurses, doctors, and patients accessing medical monitoring and data services, Chinese mobile phones and wireless devices are transforming lives.

Creating local jobs

The success of China-made mobile handsets has shown how manufacturers with the right product and strategic pricing can influence socio-economic growth in any society they operate in.

This has in turn created more jobs among the local entrepreneurs, who are both retailers and suppliers of mobile devices and accessories.

In most Zambian towns, busy streets are awash with the bright shopfronts of Transsion's flagship phone brands, a sign that shows that the company is transforming the lives of local entrepreneurs.

"Our intention was to serve the communities with something that can bring value to them. It's not only about making money, which can be a short-term venture; but if you bring value to society, the business can be sustained for the long term," said Chowdhury.

Just like other upcoming mobile phone dealers in the country, Japhet Tembo, 34, is the proprietor of Mobile Trends - an outlet situated in Lusaka's crammed town center market.

He started selling Chinese mobile phones in 2014 in a small operation with just a few handsets and a couple of accessories at a makeshift store. "I used to struggle to sell a single handset per day. But thanks to more supply of Chinese phones on the market, it has induced more demand as the handsets are affordable and have advanced features just like other big brands like Samsung or iPhones," said Tembo, who today employs four workers in his shop.

Lusaka-based economist Mambo Haamaundu highlighted that global manufacturers like Transsion have realized the potential to make money in Zambia through the sale or production of mobile phones, a move that has awakened or birthed more local entrepreneurs in the country.

Haamaundu said it is time people begin to have a positive mindset by learning from successful Chinese companies such as Transsion and acknowledging their contribution to society through job creation and significant taxes they pay to national coffers.

"Our local entrepreneurs need to seize every opportunity because you can be a giant today and a small boy will overtake you tomorrow and become a giant. Most successful Chinese companies are successful because they understand the market that they operate in and they are able to satisfy the needs of that market," said Haamaundu.

(Reporting from Zambia)